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Disputes","\u002Ffaq\u002Fregistered-mandates\u002Freturns-and-disputes","0.faq\u002F6.registered-mandates\u002F8.returns-and-disputes",{"title":338,"path":424,"stem":425},"\u002Ffaq\u002Fregistered-mandates\u002Fapi-vs-host-to-host","0.faq\u002F6.registered-mandates\u002F9.api-vs-host-to-host",{"title":427,"path":428,"stem":429,"children":430,"icon":432},"Bank Transfers and PayShap","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002Findex",[431,433,437,441,445,449,453,457,461,465,469,473,477],{"title":427,"path":428,"stem":429,"icon":432},"i-lucide-landmark",{"title":434,"path":435,"stem":436},"EFT Credit Payments","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Feft-credit-payments","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F1.eft-credit-payments",{"title":438,"path":439,"stem":440},"Proof of Payment","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fproof-of-payment-and-reconciliation","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F10.proof-of-payment-and-reconciliation",{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444},"Failed and Returned Transfers","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Ffailed-and-returned-transfers","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F11.failed-and-returned-transfers",{"title":446,"path":447,"stem":448},"Cross-Border and SWIFT","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fcross-border-payments-and-swift","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F12.cross-border-payments-and-swift",{"title":450,"path":451,"stem":452},"EFT vs RTC vs PayShap vs RTGS","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Feft-vs-rtc-vs-payshap-vs-rtgs","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F2.eft-vs-rtc-vs-payshap-vs-rtgs",{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456},"Bank Transfer Lifecycle","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fbank-transfer-lifecycle","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F3.bank-transfer-lifecycle",{"title":458,"path":459,"stem":460},"Real-Time Clearing","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Freal-time-clearing","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F4.real-time-clearing",{"title":462,"path":463,"stem":464},"PayShap","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fpayshap","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F5.payshap",{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468},"ShapIDs and Request to Pay","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fshapids-and-request-to-pay","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F6.shapids-and-request-to-pay",{"title":470,"path":471,"stem":472},"Final and Irrevocable Payments","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Ffinal-and-irrevocable-payments","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F7.final-and-irrevocable-payments",{"title":474,"path":475,"stem":476},"Payouts and Bulk Payments","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fpayouts-and-bulk-payments","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F8.payouts-and-bulk-payments",{"title":478,"path":479,"stem":480},"Account Verification","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fbeneficiary-and-account-verification","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F9.beneficiary-and-account-verification",{"title":482,"path":483,"stem":484,"children":485,"icon":487},"Billing","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002Findex",[486,488,492,496,500,504,508,512],{"title":482,"path":483,"stem":484,"icon":487},"i-lucide-receipt",{"title":489,"path":490,"stem":491},"Invoice Payments","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Finvoice-payments","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F1.invoice-payments",{"title":493,"path":494,"stem":495},"Subscription Payments","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Fsubscription-payments","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F2.subscription-payments",{"title":497,"path":498,"stem":499},"Recurring Card Payments","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Frecurring-card-payments","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F3.recurring-card-payments",{"title":501,"path":502,"stem":503},"Instalments and Usage Billing","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Finstalment-and-usage-based-billing","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F4.instalment-and-usage-based-billing",{"title":505,"path":506,"stem":507},"Dunning and Recovery","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Fdunning-and-payment-recovery","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F5.dunning-and-payment-recovery",{"title":509,"path":510,"stem":511},"Plan Changes and Proration","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Fsubscription-plan-changes","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F6.subscription-plan-changes",{"title":513,"path":514,"stem":515},"Backup Cards and Updaters","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Fbackup-cards-and-account-updaters","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F7.backup-cards-and-account-updaters",{"title":517,"path":518,"stem":519,"children":520,"icon":522},"Disputes and Compliance","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Findex",[521,523,527,531,535,539,543,547,551,555,559,563,567],{"title":517,"path":518,"stem":519,"icon":522},"i-lucide-scale",{"title":524,"path":525,"stem":526},"Refunds vs Chargebacks","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Frefund-reversal-dispute-chargeback","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F1.refund-reversal-dispute-chargeback",{"title":528,"path":529,"stem":530},"PCI DSS","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fpci-dss","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F10.pci-dss",{"title":532,"path":533,"stem":534},"KYC, AML and POPIA","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fkyc-aml-sanctions-and-popia","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F11.kyc-aml-sanctions-and-popia",{"title":536,"path":537,"stem":538},"Incident Response","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fpayment-incident-response","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F12.payment-incident-response",{"title":540,"path":541,"stem":542},"Card Chargebacks","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fcard-chargebacks","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F2.card-chargebacks",{"title":544,"path":545,"stem":546},"Chargeback Evidence","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fchargeback-evidence","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F3.chargeback-evidence",{"title":548,"path":549,"stem":550},"Debit Order Disputes","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fdebit-order-disputes","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F4.debit-order-disputes",{"title":552,"path":553,"stem":554},"Payment Fraud","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fpayment-fraud","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F5.payment-fraud",{"title":556,"path":557,"stem":558},"Card Testing and Velocity","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fcard-testing-and-velocity-checks","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F6.card-testing-and-velocity-checks",{"title":560,"path":561,"stem":562},"Account Takeover","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Faccount-takeover-and-social-engineering","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F7.account-takeover-and-social-engineering",{"title":564,"path":565,"stem":566},"3DS and Fraud Prevention","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F3ds-and-fraud-prevention","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F8.3ds-and-fraud-prevention",{"title":568,"path":569,"stem":570},"Tokenisation and Encryption","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Ftokenisation-encryption-and-hashing","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F9.tokenisation-encryption-and-hashing",{"id":572,"title":573,"body":574,"description":851,"extension":852,"links":853,"meta":854,"navigation":855,"path":233,"seo":856,"sitemap":857,"stem":234,"__hash__":858},"docs\u002F0.faq\u002F3.card-payments\u002F11.recurring-card-payments-cit-mit.md","Recurring Card Payments: What Are CIT and MIT?",{"type":575,"value":576,"toc":840},"minimark",[577,581,584,589,592,608,611,615,618,645,648,652,730,734,770,774,777,809,815,819],[578,579,580],"p",{},"Recurring card payments let a business charge a customer's saved card on a schedule, for subscriptions, memberships, insurance premiums or instalments, without the customer being present for each charge. To make this safe and traceable, the card schemes divide transactions into two classes: customer-initiated transactions (CIT), where the cardholder actively takes part, and merchant-initiated transactions (MIT), where the merchant charges a stored card under a prior agreement.",[578,582,583],{},"Getting the CIT\u002FMIT framework right matters. Correctly flagged transactions are approved more often, comply with Visa and Mastercard rules, and stand up better if a customer disputes a charge.",[585,586,588],"h2",{"id":587},"what-is-a-customer-initiated-transaction-cit","What Is a Customer-Initiated Transaction (CIT)?",[578,590,591],{},"A CIT is any transaction where the cardholder actively participates at the time of payment, for example:",[593,594,595,599,602,605],"ul",{},[596,597,598],"li",{},"Paying at an online checkout",[596,600,601],{},"Tapping a card at a terminal",[596,603,604],{},"Paying through a payment link",[596,606,607],{},"The initial sign-up payment for a subscription, even a R0 or small card-verification charge",[578,609,610],{},"Because the customer is present, a CIT can be authenticated with 3D Secure. The first payment in any recurring relationship must be a CIT, and it is where the customer's agreement to future charges is established.",[585,612,614],{"id":613},"what-is-a-merchant-initiated-transaction-mit","What Is a Merchant-Initiated Transaction (MIT)?",[578,616,617],{},"An MIT is a transaction the merchant submits later using stored credentials, without the customer being present, based on the agreement made during the initial CIT. Common MIT types include:",[593,619,620,627,633,639],{},[596,621,622,626],{},[623,624,625],"strong",{},"Recurring"," – fixed, scheduled charges such as a monthly subscription.",[596,628,629,632],{},[623,630,631],{},"Instalment"," – a fixed number of scheduled payments for a single purchase.",[596,634,635,638],{},[623,636,637],{},"Unscheduled card-on-file"," – charges triggered by an event rather than a schedule, such as an automatic top-up when a prepaid balance runs low.",[596,640,641,644],{},[623,642,643],{},"Operational MITs"," – amounts such as a no-show fee or delayed charge permitted under the original agreement.",[578,646,647],{},"MITs cannot be 3D Secure authenticated (nobody is there to approve a prompt), so the schemes require them to reference the original authenticated transaction, proving the chain of consent back to the initial CIT.",[585,649,651],{"id":650},"cit-vs-mit-at-a-glance","CIT vs MIT at a Glance",[653,654,655,671],"table",{},[656,657,658],"thead",{},[659,660,661,665,668],"tr",{},[662,663,664],"th",{},"Aspect",[662,666,667],{},"CIT",[662,669,670],{},"MIT",[672,673,674,686,697,708,719],"tbody",{},[659,675,676,680,683],{},[677,678,679],"td",{},"Cardholder present?",[677,681,682],{},"Yes",[677,684,685],{},"No",[659,687,688,691,694],{},[677,689,690],{},"3D Secure possible?",[677,692,693],{},"Yes, and usually applied",[677,695,696],{},"No; relies on the original CIT's authentication",[659,698,699,702,705],{},[677,700,701],{},"Triggered by",[677,703,704],{},"The customer",[677,706,707],{},"The merchant, per prior agreement",[659,709,710,713,716],{},[677,711,712],{},"Examples",[677,714,715],{},"Checkout payment, first subscription charge",[677,717,718],{},"Monthly billing, instalments, auto top-ups",[659,720,721,724,727],{},[677,722,723],{},"Consent evidence",[677,725,726],{},"Established at the time of payment",[677,728,729],{},"Must reference the original agreement and transaction",[585,731,733],{"id":732},"what-does-a-valid-recurring-setup-look-like","What Does a Valid Recurring Setup Look Like?",[735,736,737,743,758,764],"ol",{},[596,738,739,742],{},[623,740,741],{},"Clear consent"," – during sign-up, the customer agrees to the amount (or how it is calculated), the frequency and the cancellation terms. Keep this evidence.",[596,744,745,748,749,753,754,757],{},[623,746,747],{},"Authenticated first payment"," – the initial CIT is processed with 3D Secure, and the card is tokenised for storage. See ",[750,751,752],"a",{"href":265},"What Is 3D Secure?"," and ",[750,755,756],{"href":269},"Card Tokenisation and Network Tokens",".",[596,759,760,763],{},[623,761,762],{},"Correctly flagged MITs"," – each subsequent charge is submitted as the correct MIT type, referencing the initial transaction.",[596,765,766,769],{},[623,767,768],{},"Easy cancellation"," – scheme rules and good practice require that cancelling is straightforward; hard-to-cancel subscriptions drive chargebacks.",[585,771,773],{"id":772},"why-do-recurring-card-payments-fail-and-what-helps","Why Do Recurring Card Payments Fail, and What Helps?",[578,775,776],{},"Stored-card charges fail for the usual reasons, most commonly insufficient funds on debit cards and expired or reissued cards. Practical mitigations:",[593,778,779,788,797,803],{},[596,780,781,784,785,757],{},[623,782,783],{},"Retry soft declines"," on a sensible schedule, for example aligned to common South African salary dates. See ",[750,786,787],{"href":506},"Dunning and Payment Recovery",[596,789,790,793,794,757],{},[623,791,792],{},"Keep credentials fresh"," with network tokens and account updater services, so reissued cards keep working. See ",[750,795,796],{"href":514},"Backup Cards and Account Updaters",[596,798,799,802],{},[623,800,801],{},"Collect a backup card"," where the business model justifies it.",[596,804,805,808],{},[623,806,807],{},"Notify customers before billing",", especially after a price change, which reduces disputes and involuntary churn.",[578,810,811,812,814],{},"For a broader treatment of subscription billing strategy, see ",[750,813,497],{"href":498}," in the Billing section.",[585,816,818],{"id":817},"related-topics","Related Topics",[593,820,821,826,831,836],{},[596,822,823],{},[750,824,825],{"href":218},"Card payments hub",[596,827,828],{},[750,829,830],{"href":261},"Why Do Card Payments Get Declined?",[596,832,833],{},[750,834,835],{"href":498},"Recurring Card Payments (Billing)",[596,837,838],{},[750,839,540],{"href":541},{"title":841,"searchDepth":842,"depth":843,"links":844},"",1,2,[845,846,847,848,849,850],{"id":587,"depth":843,"text":588},{"id":613,"depth":843,"text":614},{"id":650,"depth":843,"text":651},{"id":732,"depth":843,"text":733},{"id":772,"depth":843,"text":773},{"id":817,"depth":843,"text":818},"Learn how recurring card payments work, the difference between customer-initiated (CIT) and merchant-initiated (MIT) transactions, and mandate rules.","md",null,{},{"title":232},{"title":573,"description":851},{"loc":233},"CmaiugBwxEfkpAM-GDC0BWSCZ6wI1W0nKWn7xMGR50A",[860,862],{"title":228,"path":229,"stem":230,"description":861,"children":-1},"How digital wallets like Apple Pay, Google Pay and Samsung Pay work, the role of device tokenisation, and what merchants need to accept them.",{"title":236,"path":237,"stem":238,"description":863,"children":-1},"The difference between a refund, a reversal and a void on card payments, how long each takes to reflect, and what they cost the merchant.",1785156410636]