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Disputes","\u002Ffaq\u002Fregistered-mandates\u002Freturns-and-disputes","0.faq\u002F6.registered-mandates\u002F8.returns-and-disputes",{"title":338,"path":424,"stem":425},"\u002Ffaq\u002Fregistered-mandates\u002Fapi-vs-host-to-host","0.faq\u002F6.registered-mandates\u002F9.api-vs-host-to-host",{"title":427,"path":428,"stem":429,"children":430,"icon":432},"Bank Transfers and PayShap","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002Findex",[431,433,437,441,445,449,453,457,461,465,469,473,477],{"title":427,"path":428,"stem":429,"icon":432},"i-lucide-landmark",{"title":434,"path":435,"stem":436},"EFT Credit Payments","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Feft-credit-payments","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F1.eft-credit-payments",{"title":438,"path":439,"stem":440},"Proof of Payment","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fproof-of-payment-and-reconciliation","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F10.proof-of-payment-and-reconciliation",{"title":442,"path":443,"stem":444},"Failed and Returned Transfers","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Ffailed-and-returned-transfers","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F11.failed-and-returned-transfers",{"title":446,"path":447,"stem":448},"Cross-Border and SWIFT","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fcross-border-payments-and-swift","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F12.cross-border-payments-and-swift",{"title":450,"path":451,"stem":452},"EFT vs RTC vs PayShap vs RTGS","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Feft-vs-rtc-vs-payshap-vs-rtgs","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F2.eft-vs-rtc-vs-payshap-vs-rtgs",{"title":454,"path":455,"stem":456},"Bank Transfer Lifecycle","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fbank-transfer-lifecycle","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F3.bank-transfer-lifecycle",{"title":458,"path":459,"stem":460},"Real-Time Clearing","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Freal-time-clearing","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F4.real-time-clearing",{"title":462,"path":463,"stem":464},"PayShap","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fpayshap","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F5.payshap",{"title":466,"path":467,"stem":468},"ShapIDs and Request to Pay","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fshapids-and-request-to-pay","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F6.shapids-and-request-to-pay",{"title":470,"path":471,"stem":472},"Final and Irrevocable Payments","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Ffinal-and-irrevocable-payments","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F7.final-and-irrevocable-payments",{"title":474,"path":475,"stem":476},"Payouts and Bulk Payments","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fpayouts-and-bulk-payments","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F8.payouts-and-bulk-payments",{"title":478,"path":479,"stem":480},"Account Verification","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbank-transfers\u002Fbeneficiary-and-account-verification","0.faq\u002F7.bank-transfers\u002F9.beneficiary-and-account-verification",{"title":482,"path":483,"stem":484,"children":485,"icon":487},"Billing","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002Findex",[486,488,492,496,500,504,508,512],{"title":482,"path":483,"stem":484,"icon":487},"i-lucide-receipt",{"title":489,"path":490,"stem":491},"Invoice Payments","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Finvoice-payments","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F1.invoice-payments",{"title":493,"path":494,"stem":495},"Subscription Payments","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Fsubscription-payments","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F2.subscription-payments",{"title":497,"path":498,"stem":499},"Recurring Card Payments","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Frecurring-card-payments","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F3.recurring-card-payments",{"title":501,"path":502,"stem":503},"Instalments and Usage Billing","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Finstalment-and-usage-based-billing","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F4.instalment-and-usage-based-billing",{"title":505,"path":506,"stem":507},"Dunning and Recovery","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Fdunning-and-payment-recovery","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F5.dunning-and-payment-recovery",{"title":509,"path":510,"stem":511},"Plan Changes and Proration","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Fsubscription-plan-changes","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F6.subscription-plan-changes",{"title":513,"path":514,"stem":515},"Backup Cards and Updaters","\u002Ffaq\u002Fbilling\u002Fbackup-cards-and-account-updaters","0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F7.backup-cards-and-account-updaters",{"title":517,"path":518,"stem":519,"children":520,"icon":522},"Disputes and Compliance","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Findex",[521,523,527,531,535,539,543,547,551,555,559,563,567],{"title":517,"path":518,"stem":519,"icon":522},"i-lucide-scale",{"title":524,"path":525,"stem":526},"Refunds vs Chargebacks","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Frefund-reversal-dispute-chargeback","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F1.refund-reversal-dispute-chargeback",{"title":528,"path":529,"stem":530},"PCI DSS","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fpci-dss","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F10.pci-dss",{"title":532,"path":533,"stem":534},"KYC, AML and POPIA","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fkyc-aml-sanctions-and-popia","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F11.kyc-aml-sanctions-and-popia",{"title":536,"path":537,"stem":538},"Incident Response","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fpayment-incident-response","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F12.payment-incident-response",{"title":540,"path":541,"stem":542},"Card Chargebacks","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fcard-chargebacks","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F2.card-chargebacks",{"title":544,"path":545,"stem":546},"Chargeback Evidence","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fchargeback-evidence","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F3.chargeback-evidence",{"title":548,"path":549,"stem":550},"Debit Order Disputes","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fdebit-order-disputes","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F4.debit-order-disputes",{"title":552,"path":553,"stem":554},"Payment Fraud","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fpayment-fraud","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F5.payment-fraud",{"title":556,"path":557,"stem":558},"Card Testing and Velocity","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Fcard-testing-and-velocity-checks","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F6.card-testing-and-velocity-checks",{"title":560,"path":561,"stem":562},"Account Takeover","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Faccount-takeover-and-social-engineering","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F7.account-takeover-and-social-engineering",{"title":564,"path":565,"stem":566},"3DS and Fraud Prevention","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F3ds-and-fraud-prevention","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F8.3ds-and-fraud-prevention",{"title":568,"path":569,"stem":570},"Tokenisation and Encryption","\u002Ffaq\u002Fdisputes-risk-and-compliance\u002Ftokenisation-encryption-and-hashing","0.faq\u002F9.disputes-risk-and-compliance\u002F9.tokenisation-encryption-and-hashing",{"id":572,"title":573,"body":574,"description":791,"extension":792,"links":793,"meta":794,"navigation":795,"path":502,"seo":796,"sitemap":797,"stem":503,"__hash__":798},"docs\u002F0.faq\u002F8.billing\u002F4.instalment-and-usage-based-billing.md","Instalment and Usage-Based Billing Explained",{"type":575,"value":576,"toc":780},"minimark",[577,581,584,589,592,608,611,615,618,632,635,639,642,657,669,672,676,682,686,752,755,759],[578,579,580],"p",{},"Not all recurring billing is a fixed amount every month. Instalment billing splits a known total into scheduled payments, while usage-based billing charges for what the customer actually consumed in a period. Both are common in South Africa — instalments for lay-by, school fees, insurance and financed purchases; usage billing for utilities, airtime top-ups, metered services and per-transaction pricing.",[578,582,583],{},"The key difference from flat subscriptions is that the amount can vary, and on debit order rails the amount you collect must always match what the mandate allows.",[585,586,588],"h2",{"id":587},"how-does-instalment-billing-work","How does instalment billing work?",[578,590,591],{},"An instalment plan takes a known total and collects it over an agreed schedule:",[593,594,595,599,602,605],"ol",{},[596,597,598],"li",{},"The total, number of instalments, amount per instalment and collection dates are agreed upfront.",[596,600,601],{},"A mandate or card agreement is captured covering the full schedule.",[596,603,604],{},"Each instalment is collected on its date.",[596,606,607],{},"The plan ends when the final instalment is paid — billing must stop at that point.",[578,609,610],{},"Instalment plans have a defined end, so the billing system needs to track how many instalments remain and never collect past the last one.",[585,612,614],{"id":613},"how-does-usage-based-billing-work","How does usage-based billing work?",[578,616,617],{},"Usage billing charges in arrears for consumption:",[593,619,620,623,626,629],{},[596,621,622],{},"Usage is metered during the billing period.",[596,624,625],{},"At period end, usage is rated into an amount, often with a fixed base fee added.",[596,627,628],{},"The customer is notified of the amount before or when it is collected.",[596,630,631],{},"The amount is collected by debit order or card MIT.",[578,633,634],{},"Because the amount differs every period, customer notification matters more than with fixed billing: an unexpected debit is far more likely to be disputed. Tell the customer the amount before the collection date wherever possible.",[585,636,638],{"id":637},"how-do-variable-amounts-work-with-debit-order-mandates","How do variable amounts work with debit order mandates?",[578,640,641],{},"A debit order mandate must either state the exact amount or clearly explain when and how the amount may vary. For variable billing this means the mandate should record:",[643,644,645,648,651,654],"ul",{},[596,646,647],{},"Whether the amount is fixed, variable or usage-based",[596,649,650],{},"The instalment amount, where applicable",[596,652,653],{},"The maximum collection amount, where applicable",[596,655,656],{},"Any authorised adjustment category, amount or rate for amounts that change over time",[578,658,659,660,664,665,668],{},"DebiCheck makes this explicit: the bank-confirmed mandate carries an instalment amount and a maximum collection amount, and the customer authorises these at their bank. You cannot collect more than the authorised maximum, and changes beyond the authorised adjustment rates require a mandate amendment confirmed by the customer. When designing a usage-billed product on DebiCheck, set the maximum high enough to cover realistic peak usage, but not so high that customers refuse to authorise it. See ",[661,662,663],"a",{"href":375},"DebiCheck amounts, frequencies and adjustments"," and ",[661,666,667],{"href":284},"minimum mandate requirements",".",[578,670,671],{},"Every payment instruction must match the mandate terms. Collecting an amount the mandate does not authorise is a common cause of disputes and reversals.",[585,673,675],{"id":674},"how-do-variable-amounts-work-with-cards","How do variable amounts work with cards?",[578,677,678,679,668],{},"Card billing is more flexible on amounts — there is no bank-registered maximum — but the same principle applies: charge only what the customer agreed to. The recurring agreement should describe how variable amounts are calculated, and each charge is submitted as a merchant-initiated transaction referencing that agreement. See ",[661,680,681],{"href":498},"recurring card payments",[585,683,685],{"id":684},"instalments-vs-usage-billing-at-a-glance","Instalments vs usage billing at a glance",[687,688,689,704],"table",{},[690,691,692],"thead",{},[693,694,695,698,701],"tr",{},[696,697],"th",{},[696,699,700],{},"Instalment billing",[696,702,703],{},"Usage-based billing",[705,706,707,719,730,741],"tbody",{},[693,708,709,713,716],{},[710,711,712],"td",{},"Amount",[710,714,715],{},"Known upfront, usually fixed per instalment",[710,717,718],{},"Calculated each period from usage",[693,720,721,724,727],{},[710,722,723],{},"Duration",[710,725,726],{},"Fixed number of collections",[710,728,729],{},"Ongoing while the service is active",[693,731,732,735,738],{},[710,733,734],{},"Mandate fit",[710,736,737],{},"Instalment amount and end date in mandate",[710,739,740],{},"Variable amount wording plus maximum amount",[693,742,743,746,749],{},[710,744,745],{},"Notification",[710,747,748],{},"Schedule agreed at sign-up",[710,750,751],{},"Amount communicated each period",[578,753,754],{},"Kwik supports fixed, variable and usage-based collection amounts across EFT and DebiCheck debit orders and card billing, with mandate terms captured at sign-up.",[585,756,758],{"id":757},"related-topics","Related topics",[643,760,761,766,770,775],{},[596,762,763],{},[661,764,765],{"href":483},"Billing and recurring payments hub",[596,767,768],{},[661,769,663],{"href":375},[596,771,772],{},[661,773,774],{"href":284},"Minimum mandate requirements",[596,776,777],{},[661,778,779],{"href":510},"How do subscription plan changes and proration work?",{"title":781,"searchDepth":782,"depth":783,"links":784},"",1,2,[785,786,787,788,789,790],{"id":587,"depth":783,"text":588},{"id":613,"depth":783,"text":614},{"id":637,"depth":783,"text":638},{"id":674,"depth":783,"text":675},{"id":684,"depth":783,"text":685},{"id":757,"depth":783,"text":758},"How instalment plans and usage-based billing work, how variable amounts interact with debit order and DebiCheck mandates, and how to notify customers.","md",null,{},{"title":501},{"title":573,"description":791},{"loc":502},"1edvuYnPhysP_iDEcReoe8jFyy4VVm2mEhAq7tkjSlU",[800,802],{"title":497,"path":498,"stem":499,"description":801,"children":-1},"How card-on-file billing works for subscriptions, including tokenised card storage, merchant-initiated transactions and rules for retrying declines.",{"title":505,"path":506,"stem":507,"description":803,"children":-1},"How dunning recovers failed subscription payments using smart retries, reminders and grace periods, and how to reduce involuntary churn.",1785156397302]